Blowpipe apparatus



Nov. 14, 1944. J, H, BUCKNAM 2,362,535

BLOWP I PE APPARATUS lNvlzNToR I v JAMESHBUCKNAM 4 BY A ATTORNEY NOV-14,1944- n.1. H. BUCKNAM 2,362,535

BLOWPIPE APPARATUS Filed Nov. 1s,- 1937 5 sheets-sheet 2 INVENTOR JAMESH.BUCKNAM I, BY A v ATTORNEY Nov. 14, 1944.

Filed NOV. 13, 1937 J. H. BUCKNAM BLOWPIPE APPARATUS Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. IO 25 30 2 l I (l 55+ Il l 59 `p;m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ INVENTORJAMES H. BUCKNAM ATTORNEY inFig.

Patented Nov. 14, 1944 OFFICE BLOWPIPE APPARATUS' James II. Bucknam,Cranford, N.

J., assigner to The Linde Air- Products Company, a corporation oi' OhioApplication November 13, 1937, Serial No. 174,3? 5Y (Cl. Zim-3) 25claims. This invention relates to the art of desuriacing metal bodies bymeans of an oxidizing gasV stream, and more particularly'to an improvedVblowpipe assembly for projecting a plurality of gaseous heating andoxidizing jets against a metal body to remove a surface layer of metaltherefrom.

The method of eliminating defects from -the surfaces of billets, blooms,slabs, and similar semi-iinished steel shapes, by applying a suitablewide oxidizing gas stream' obliquely to the heated surface, iswell'known. In the past it has usually been considered necessarytoemploy for this purpose a plurality of individual blowpipes,especially designed and especially mounted, in order to provide therequired gas streams. Such constructions, however, have presenteddiiiiculties with respectto close nozzle spacing, number of blowpipesneeded, ruggedness of the apparatus, and maintenance of proper relativenozzle positions during operation.

An object of the invention, therefore, is to provide a desurfacingblowpipe apparatus lwhich will effect closer nozzle spacing than hasheretofore been the rule. Another object is the pro-4 vision of such.apparatus in a form Vwhich will require a minimum number of separateblowpipes for efficient operation. A further object is to provide suchapparatus in rugged form to maintain the proper relative nozzlepositions during operation of the apparatus.

The above and other objects and novel featuresof the invention will beapparent from the following description taken with the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

F18. 1 is a broken side elevation, partly in secon, of a desurfacingapparatus to which one embodiment of the invention is applied;

Fis. 2 is a plan view of a part oi' the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross section tak n III-III'of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a cross IV of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of another embodiment the invention showing analternative arrangeon the line section taken the line IV- ment of theconnections and nomes;

Fig. 6 is an end view of the apparatus shown Fig. 'l is a rearelevational supply Fig. 5: Y

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary view partly in section view of the oxygenconnection of the apparatus shown inshowing four desurfacing headscontaining blowpipe apparatus-according to this inventionyarranged todesurface four sides of a rectangular steel billet; 4

Fig. 9 is an* end view of a form of desurfacing nozzle adapted to beusedin the blowpipe apparatus oi' the invention; and

Fig.` 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle shown in Fig. 9.

The lblowpipe apparatus embodying the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 4inclusive comprises a unitary header block B having openings andpassages therein for a heating gas mixture, other I openings andpassages for'an oxidizing gas, such as desurfacing oxygen, allcommunicating with Y a series of nozzle openings, an oxidizing gasconduit C discharging into the oxidizing gas passages, and one ormoreblowpipes W similar to welding blowpipes for mixing fuel and oxidizinggas, discharging into the heating gas openings and passages. A pluralityof nozzles N are fastened in the nozzle openings in the forward part ofthe block B. The block B maybe mounted on a desurfacing machine D.

In the drawings, there is shown part of a desurfacing machine Dcomprising a frame IU, which is connected by vertical pivotsl Ii and I2to a support (not shown) for moving the maadapted y chine over a billetI3. A downwardly projecting arm Il may carry a shoe (not shown) forcontact with a longitudinal vertical face of the billet in order toguide the machine horizontally. Links I5, I5 and I6, I6 pivoted oneither side of the framell and to a carrier Il permit relative verticalmovement of the carrier and the support; and springs ls'oppose suchdownward movement.

The particular desurfacing machine employed forms no part of the presentinvention. Convenient means must be provided. however, for

supporting the block B and for giving it relative movement with respectto the billet i3.

As here shown, a plate I9 is secured to the carrier II in any known orconvenient manner, for instance in the manner described in applicantscopending patent application for Apparatus for removing surface metalfrom metallic bodies, iiled April 26, 1937, Serial No. 139,030, nowPatent No. 2,203,211, issued June 4, 1940; and the plate I 9 supportsthe block B, the welding blowpipe W, the oxidizing gas conduit C, andcertain associated parts for attachment to, or removal from, thedesuri'acing machine D as a unit. Obviously, these elements might 'beotherwise attached to the desurfacing machine.

, In the embodiment here illustrated, the block M B is supported bycontact with the inside of a part of the block B rests directly upon thein-,

side of the shoe 20. The rear of the block is provided with a pair ofunitary perforated projections 23, 23 whichl rest in horizontal positionupon bosses 24 (only one of which is shownin Fig. 1) formed inside ofthe shoe. ".Alhel projections may be bolt-connected to the bosses 24 inwell-known manner, thereby fixing the block in the shoe.

The unitary block B has a series of internally threaded nozzle openings25 in its forward part in which desurfacing 'or surface metal removingnozzles N are held by nozzle nuts 26, in wellknown manner. It is herenoted that the shoe i 20 is formed in two parts, as fully described inapplicants aforesaid Patent 2,203,211. Thus the forward end wall of theshoe comprises a removable protecting plate 21 which is secured to therest of the 'shoe as by bolts 28. The forward part of the mainshoeportion and the lower part of the section 21 are so formedassubstantially to inclose al1 of each nozzle N except the dischargeends thereof and protect the same, as fully described in applicantsaforesaid Patent 2,203,211.

As is usual in nozzle connections of the class described, the rear end56 of the nozzle bearsagainst an annular shoulder in the nozzle opening,thereby sealing an annular chamber 25' from a central gas passage 35,topermit ow of oxidizing gas through the usual axial passage 55 inthenozzle, and separate flow of a heating gas mixture from. theannularchamber 25' through a plurality of eccentric passages 51 extendinglongitudinally of the nozzle. The nozzle openings are formedtransversely in line in the front face across the forward part of theblock B at a slight angle downwardly with respect to the projections 23which normally assume a horizontal position when in contact withmbosses24. Furthervmore, the nozzle openings are so disposed that the nozzleswhen in place therein will be inclined relative to each other andinwardly of the block in their forwardly direction, that is to say, atsuch inclinations that all of the streams of gas issuing from thenozzles will tend to converge toward a centralpoint ahead of the blockB. (See Fig 2.) 'I'he symmetrical inclination of the nozzles toward eachother, as shown in Fig. 2, may be used when the whole surface of abillet istreated ina single pass, although a parallel arrangement isalso preferred for such desurfacing according to the effects desired aswill be -described hereinafter. When desurfacing a Wide slab, however,the nozzles are preferably arranged parallel to each other and yallinclined at a uniform angle toward one side.

The block B is constructed with a plurality ofl right respectively withthe remaining four nozzle y openings. A gas supply opening 3l isprovided immediately above the left hand heating gas mixture chamber 29and a welding blowpipe or the like oxidizing gas and fuel gas mixingdevice W is coupled into this opening by means of a nut 32 so as todischargefa combustible mixture' into the chamber. Similarly, an opening33 is provided immediately above the right hand heating gas mixturechamber 29, and a second welding blowpipe W is similarlygcoupled intothis opening to discharge a heating gas mixture therein. Thus, themixture discharged from ythe rst blowpipe will be distributed betweenthree of the seven nozzles which are .illustrated in Fig. 2, and thedischarge from the second blowpipe will'be distributed between the otherfour of the illustrated nozzles.

A single oxidizing gas manifold chamber 34 is formed in the block Bextending transversely thereof rearwardly ofthe heating gas mixturechamber 29 and is separately connected with each of the nozzle openings25 by a passage 35 so as to discharge into the-central oxidizing gaspassage 55 extending axially through each nozzle N. A singleinternally-threaded opening 36 formed above the oxidizing gas chamber 34centrally thereof provides means whereby the oxidizing gas conduit ...Cmay be coupled into the block B by means of a nut 31 so as to dischargedownwardly into and against a wall of the oxidizing gas chamber 34.Thus, oxidizing gas supplied to the chamber 34 from the conduit C willbe distributed to all oi the nozzles N which are carried by the block B.The chamber 34 comprises in effect two parallel portions joinedlongitudmally by a narrow or slot-like portion, which formationcooperates to equalize the distribution of oxidizing gas to the nozzles.

separate chambers 29 therein for a heating gas mixture. A separate gaspassage 30 connects each annular chamber 25' with the correspondingheating gas mixture chamber. Thus, in the embodiment illustrated in thedrawings, three such passages 30 connect theheating gas mixture chamber29 at the left respectively with the three chambers 25 of the nozzleopenings at the left of the block, and four such passages connect theheating gas mixture chamber at the The oxidizing gas conduit C requiresno special support beyond that given it by the nut 31; but each weldingblowpipe W, being of heavier construction, is supported from the plateI9 by means of an angle 38, welded or otherwise fixed on the latter, anda bracket 39 similarly fixed to the blowpipe W and connected to theangle by a bolt 40.

Means may be provided for duid-cooling the block B. As here illustrated,this means comprises an intemally-threaded boss 4l (see Figs. 2 and 4)which is formed forwardly of the block B near one side thereof above thenozzle openings, and is connected by a passage 42 to a transverselyextending chamber 43 in the lower part of the block. As hereillustrated, the chamber 43 is formed by a large transverse bore and asmaller parallel transverse bore in continuous intersection therewith inorder to give a chamber of the desired size. Adjacent the opposite endof the chamber 43 from thatv near which the passage 42 enters it, apassage 44 extends generally upwardly through the block to a transversechamber 45 above and parallel to the chamber 43; and at the opposite endof the chamber 45 from that near which the passage 44 enters the latterchamber, a cross passage 464 directly nally-threaded boss 49, throughwhich the cool-A ing fluid may be discharged. Thus, a cooling fluidhose, having its end coupled into the boss 4| may project cooling fluidthrough the e 42 into the chamber 43 adjacent one side of the block B,across the block through the chamber 43 to the passage 44 adJacent theother side. of the block into the chamber 45, again across the block tothe passage 45, forwardly to the passage 41 across the block, again tothe e 4I, and out of the block through the internally-threaded boss 49.A part of the discharge hose 5I may be seen in Fig. l coupled into boss49 by means of a nut 5|. Y .f Other means are provided for independentlyfluidfcooling the blowpipes W. Thus, water may enter the shell 52 whichsurrounds the conduits of the blowpipe through a nipple 53, circulatethrough the shell 52, and leave the shell through a second nipple 54.

From the foregoing, the operation of the apparatus will be clear. Theblock B and the nozzles N attached thereto, all protected by the shoe2li, may be moved over the billet I3 by means of the desurfacing machineD. The links I5, I5 and I5, IG permit vertical movement of the shoe andblock as uneven spots are met on the upper surface of the billet; andthe bearing surface 22 on the under side of the shoe protects the latteras it passes over the billet. 'I'he nozzles add heat tothe surface metalof the billet by proiectng against it ignited streams of heating gasmixture, and at the same time remove surface metal from the face of thebillet by means of the oxidizinggas stream which they project upon it.The spacing of the nozzzles is sumciently close to produce asubstantially continuous oxidizing stream across the entire billet:` andthe inward inciination of the nozzles maintains the heated oxidizedmaterial upon the upper' surface of the `billet ahead o1' the gasstream, thereby' preheating the surface of the billet and facilitatingthe work of desurfacing. During operation, the block and the heatingblowpipes may be iluid cooled.

If it is desired .to use the apparatus for desur- Vfacing a narrowerbillet, one or more of the nozzle openings'may be plugged. When widersurfaces are to be desurfaced in a single pass, the block may beconstructed to have a larger num ber of nozzles which may be suppliedwith oxi- 1 dizing gas through a single manifold chamber 34 and a singleoxidizing gas conduit C.

How-

ever, it is desirable to provide a heating gas chamber!!r and blowpipe Wfor each group of about four nozzles. For example, .for 9 or 10 nozzles,it is preferable to provide three blowpipes. A suitable single blowpipehaving sumcient heating gas capacity and operating stability can`however, be used to-supply all the nozzles of the block. A

The desurfacing of wide metal bodies such as slabs may be accomplishedby removing the surface metal in a plurality of wide, contiguous paths.For such desurfacing, it is preferable to arrange the nozzlesparallel toeach other and oriented as a groupV toward one side as in the embodimentshown in Fia. 5. The purpose of such positioning is not only to projectthe slag away from the desurfaced path and toward the untreated surfacewhen desurfacing a wide body in a series of successive passes, butalsofor re ducing the height of the ridges left between the channelsproduced by the nozzles. With the nozzle block-of the present invention,it is possible to provide a closer nozzle spacing when the nozzles areparallel than could-be provided when individual blowplpes for eachnozzle were provided.

' 3 In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 5, the nomlc blockor header B' is relatively narrow and is provided with a separatedistrib.-I

uting manifold |34 for the desurfacing oxygen disposed parallel to therear face of the header B'. The front face of the header is providedwith a. plurality of bosses |25 having nozzle openings 25 which arearranged to hold the nozzles N secured therein parallel to each otherand at a uniform angle toward the left side. This angle may varyaccording to the effects desired, the greater angle tending to reducethe height of the ridges. The manifold |34 ;'is connected to a series ofopenings in bosses |32 on the rear face of the header B', which openingsare individually i connected to the manifold` by short connections |35,there being as mamr connections an bosses |32 as there are nozzle bosses|25.

In Fig. 5, eight nozzle bosses are shown,A six being occupied by nozzlesN and the last two by imperforate or blank plugs |26, so that theapparatus may be used for desurfacing a surface the width of which'isproperly covered by the sheetlike stream provided by the six nozzlesonly. The

, connections |35 may be welded to the manifold |34 and removablysecured to the bosses |32 by union nuts |33 and have passagestherethrough which connect with the passages A35 leading through theheader B' to the oxygen passage 55 of the nozzles. In `order that thedistribution of pressure in the manifold |34 may be equal for eachconnection |35, the oxygen is supplied to the manifold at each endthereof in an 'axial direction by means of conduits |31 which connectthe ends ofthe manifold to a T connection |35 to the side outlet ofwhich the supply conduit Cis connected.

The upper face of the header B' is provided with three threaded openings|3| to which blow- 40 pipes W (not shown in Figs. 5 and 6) are connectedand which communicate with heating gas passages 29 within the headerblock, as previously described. The three passages 29 corresponding tothe three inlets 3| may be arranged to communicate, for4 example,'.onewith the rst three nozzles, the second with the next three nozzles, andthe third with the last two nozzle openings. Water cooling passagesthrough the header B' are also provided and may be arrangedsubstantially as described in connection with the form shown in Figs. 1to 4, inclusive,

the Vwater entering at the threaded opening 4| f and leaving at theopening |49, both of which are on th upper face of the header. Theheader B' is also provided with ears |23, similar to the ears 23, forsecuring the header to the inside of the box shoe 20, as previouslydescribed. If desired, an oxidizing gas manifold similar to manifold |34may be provided in connection with the form of the apparatus describedin Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, when a plurality of oxidizing gas inlets 35and passages 34 are provided in the block B, a suitable arrangement forexample being the provision of the same number of passages 34 as thenumber of passages 29.

Anv exemplary method of using the blowpipe apparatus of the presentinvention for desurfacing the longitudinal sides of a rectangular billetj is illustrated in Fig. 8 and constitutes the subject matter of mycontinuation-impart application, Serial No. 419,252, filed November l5,`1941. A billet I3 having greater width than height is shown in rightsection in Fig. 8. The width of its longitudinal surfaces,'however, isless than the width of the headers `and shoes used, of which may besimilar to that shown in the copending joint application of H. W. Jones,J. H. Bcknam, and E. A. Doyle, Serial No. 145,480, led May 29, 1937(Patent No. 2,210,921, issued Aug. 13, 1940).

If the shoes were of the correct width to just t cover each surface, theforward ends of the nozzles of all four shoes might lie in the samecross sectional plane. However, as shown in Fig. 8, when the shoes arewider than the surfaces, they may be' arranged so that one pair islocated ahead of the other suiliciently to prevent interference with theoffside portions of the other pair. In'y the figure, the lower andright-hand shoes 20. are

i in back of the other two shoes and have their front walls 21 in place.The front walls 21 of the upper and left shoes are removed to show thenozzles. It will be seen that the width of the upper surface is fullycovered byA the streams which issue from the left six nozzles of theupper shoe/andthe two nozzle openings which are oifside are blanked o byplugs |28. The left-handl shoe has only five nozzles in position tocover the width of the lateral side surface, the other openings beingblanked olf. The lower and righthand shoes are similarly arranged. Itwill be seen also that the nozzles directed toward the upper surfacesare all parallel and oriented toward the left, and the left side'nozzles are oriented downward. If the lower nozzles areoriented towardthe right and the right side nozzles oriented upwardly, this arrangementmay be termed the symmetrical vcounterclockwise arrangement. Acorresponding symmetrical clockwise arrangement would producesubstantially u the same results.

Other arrangements to suit special conditions may also be used, such asorienting the upper and left-hand nozzles all toward the upper 'leftcorner, and the lower and right-hand'nozzles all toward the lower rightcorner. The latter arrangement, for example, may be used when the shoesare mounted in pairs to move in unison in directions at degrees to thefaces of the billet. for the shoes may then be arranged sym-4 metricallywith the upper left and lower right corners of the billet. In Fig. 8,the upper shoe 4is displaced to the right, the-left shoe upward, the

'right shoe downward, and the lower shoe to the left because of theorientation of the nozzles which causes the oxygen stream to sweeplaterally, the place of impingement of the streams issuance from thenozzles.

The reduction of the height o the ridges between the grooves produced byeach nozzle, is obtained by closer nozzle spacing so that more smallernozzles may b e used to cover a. given on the surface being to onesigrof the point of orice, i.`e., nozzles which have oblong, rectangularor slot-like orifices.

A suitable' nozzle is shown at N' in Figs. 9 and 10. 'Ihe nozzle N' hasan axial bore therethrough for desurfacing oxygen, which bore has aninlet portion that receives oxygen from the passage 35 and reduces thepressure thereof, an expanded portion 58 that reduces the velocity offlow to that desired for desurfacing which may be, for example, about800 feet per second, and an orifice portion 59 proportioned to havesubstantially the same cross sectional area as the portion 58 and toproduce a relatively wide and thin stream of oxygen flowing atsubstantially equal velocity throughout the width. Preheat passages 51surround the central bore and conduct the preheating gases from thechamber 25' to the preheat orifices -in the forward end of the nozzle.

Such nozzles N are mounted in the headers B or B' in such manner thatthe major transverse axes of the orifices 59 are parallel to the surfaceof the billet or slab to be desurfaced. With the nozzles N' so mountedin a header ac- 'cording to this invention, it is possible to project apractically continuous sheet-like desurfaclng stream of oxygen on thesurface and remove a layer of surface metalof almo'st uniform depththerefrom.

For removing surface metal from a wide slab, the shoe supporting deviceD shown in Fig. 1 may be used and the shoe passed over the work asufficient number of times to remove the surface metalV in a series ofcontiguous paths with the nozzles preferably oriented away from thesurface metal already conditioned. However, it is also contemplated thatthe entire surface of a Wide slab may be removed in one pass by thevsimultaneous application of a series of nozzle headers with shoes ornozzle headers with other nozzle protecting means, adjacent each otherextending completely across the slab. In such an arrangement, all thenozzles would be oriented toward the same side.

It will be clear that apparatus constructed in accordance with theinvention may be constructed to effect very close nozzle spacing and 'lwill require a minimum number of separate blowpipes for efcientoperation, since a single blowpipe may be used to'provide a heating gasmixture for a plurality of nozzles. Furthermore, the header, togetherwith the shoe, provides a rugged apparatus adapted for rough use whereinthe proper relative nozzle positions are easily and surely maintainedduring operation. The conduit arrangements for supplying gases andcooling uid to the blowpipes and nozzle block are very much simpler thanthe arrangements necessary where individual blowpipes for each nozzlehave beenused. v

The forms of the invention here described and illustrated intheaccompanying drawings are y presented merely to indicate how theinvention width of surface, and by the orientation of the may beapplied. Other forms differing in detail but not in principle from thathere disclosed willl of course, suggest themselves to those skilled inthe art.

I claim:

1. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; means for attachingsaid block to a desurfacing machine; and a plurality of nozzles ttedinto a series of openings transversely inI line along the front face ofsaid block, said nozzles having their axes lying in a plane through saidline and inclined laterally of the forward assassin direction: saidblock having therein a plurality of separate chambers for a heating gasmixture, a plurality of separate chambers for an oxidizing gas, separategas passages connecting each heating gas chamber to a plurality of saidnozzles, separate gas Passages connecting each oxidizing gas chamber toa plurality of said nozzles, `and other passages for cooling fluidextending into, through, and out of said block; in combination with aseparate blowpipe discharging into each heating gas chamber in saidblock; and means for supplying oxidizing gas connected to discharge intoeach oxidizing gas chamber in said block.

2. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; means for attachingsaid block to a desurfacing machine; and a plurality of nozzles fittedinto a series of openings transversely in line along the front face ofsaid block, said nozzles v having their axes lying in a plane throughsaid line and, said block having therein a plurality of separatechambers for a heating gas mixture, separate passages connecting eachheating gas chamber to a plurality of said nozzles, separate oxidizinggas passagesl through said header to each of said nozzles; incombination with a separate blowpipe for supplying heating gas mixtureconnected to discharge into each heatingj gas chamber in said block; anoxidizing gas manifold arranged to deliver oxidizing gas at equalizedpressures; and connections between said manifold and said header'providing communication between said manifold and said oxidizing gaspassages.

3. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; means forattaching saidblock to a desurfacingy machine; anda plurality of nozzles iitted into aseries of openings transversely in vline in said block, said nozzleshaving oxidizing 4 gas passages terminating in oblong oxidizing gasdischarge orifices whose major cross-sectional axes are arrangedsubstantially in alignment so as to produce a substantially continuoussheet-like stream of oxidizing gas, said nozzles also having heating gaspassages therethrough; said block having therein at least one chamberfor a heating gas mixture, a plurality of passages connecting saidheating gas chamber with the heating gas passages of a plurality of thenozzles, oxidizing gas passages in said block connecting Withsaidoxidizing gas passages of the nozzles; oxidizing gas and fuel gas mixingblowpipe means connected` to said block for supplying heating gasmixture to said heating gas chamber; and means separate from saidblowpipe means connected to said block for supplying oxidizing gas tosaid oxidizing gas passages,

4'. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; a plurality of-nozzles fitted into a series of openings transversely in line in saidblock;

and a box-like protecting shoe having a bottom surface positioned forslidingly engaging the surface of a metal body and enclosing at least apart of said block and substantially enclosing -all of said nozzlesexcept the orice ends thereof; saidl block having therein at least onechamber lfor a heating gasl and separate gas passages connecting suchchamber to a, plurality of said nozzles.

H5. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; means for attachingsaid block to a desurfacing machine; and a plurality of nozzles ttedinto a series of openings transversely in line in said block, said blockhaving therein a plurality of separate chambers for a heating gas,separate gas passages connecting each heating gas chamber to a pluralityof said nozzles, oxidizing gas passages connecting .to each of saidnozzles; in combination with a boX-likeprotecting shoe on said headerblock, said shoe having a bottom Awall surface for slidingly engagingthe surface of a metal body, said shoe enclosing at least a substantialpart of said block and substantially enclosing all of said nozzlesexcept the oriiice ends' thereof.

6. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block; means for attachingsaid block to a desurfacing machine; a plurality of nozzles fitted intoa series of openings transversely in line along the front face of saidblock, said nozzles having their axes lying ina plane through said lineand inclined laterally of said block to the normal forward direction;said block having therein a plurality of separate chambers for a heatinggas mixture, at least one chamber for oxidizing gas, separate gaspassages connecting each heating gas chamber to a plurality of saidnozzles, and separate gas passages connecting said oxidizing gas chamberto a plurality of said nozzles; -means for supplying oxidizing gas tosaid oxidizing gas chamber; and a blowpipe discharging into each heatinggas chamber in said block; in combination with a box-like protectingshoe also attached to the desurfacing machine, said shoe enclosing atleast a part of Y said block and substantially enclosing all of said-nozzles except the orifice ends thereof; means for heating gas chamber;separate conduit means connected to said header and communicating withsaid oxidizing gas passages for supplying oxidizing gas thereto; andmeans enclosing each of said nozzles except the orifice end thereof forprotecting said nozzles from direct contact, with the surface of a metalbody against which the gas streams delivered by said nozzles are appliedand for maintaining the orifices of said nozzles at a .constant distancefrom such surface.

8. Blowpipe apparatus for desurfacingcomprising a plurality ofdesurfacing nozzles each having an axial oxidizing gas passage andheating gas passages adjacent thereto, a header having therein a seriesof openings along the front race 'thereof for accommodating saidnozzles, said nozzles being arranged closely adjacent each other in arow and spaced so that the oxidizing gas streams produced by theoxidizing gas passages of said nozzles merge to form a relativelywidesubstantially sheet-like desurfacing stream,

gas mixture, passages connecting said heating gas chamber with theheating gas passages of a plurality of said nozzles, a plurality ofother passages in said header for conducting an oxidizing gas to theoxidizing gas passagesy of saidnozzles, means for forming and supplyingsaid combustible gas mixture to said heating gas chamber. oxidizing gassupplying means separate lfrom -said gas mixture supplying means andheader block, and a plurality of nozzles fitted into a series ofopenings transversely in line in said block; said block having therein aplurality of separate chambers for a heating gas mixture, separate gaspassages connecting each chamber to a plurality of nozzles, and aplurality of passages for conducting an oxidizing gas to said nozzles;vin combination with a separate oxidizing gas and fuel gasmixingblowpipe connected to discharge into each heating gas chamber; andmeans independent ofsaid gas mixing blowpipe for supplying oxidizing gasat equal flow pressure to said oxidizing gas passages.

10. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising, in combination, a headerhaving a series of openings each of which is provided with separatecommunicating means adapted to delivera heating gas mixture anddesurfacing oxygen to corresponding discharge passages in a desurfacingnozzle adapted to be associated therewith, said header being providedwith a manifold chamber for a heating gas mixture, a separate passageconnecting each of said openings with said manifoldv chamber, and otherpassages in said header for conducting desurfacing oxygen to each one ofsaid openings, conduit means for supplying desurfacing oxygen, and adesurfacing oxygen chamber connected between said conduit means and saiddesurfacing oxygen passages, said desurfacing oxygen chamber beingprovided with means for longitudinally distributing said desurfacingoxygen so that it flows at substantially the same pressure in each ofthe desurfaclng oxygen passages.

11. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus compris- 13. Desurfacing blowpipeapparatus comprising, in combination, a header blockhaving a front faceprovided with a series of openings, a desurfacing nozzle fittedinto-each of said openings, the desurfacing nozzles'belng arranged-toperform acommon desurfacing operation, said block, having therein achamber for a heating gas mixture, a chamberffor desurfacing oxygenhaving a central inlet, a longitudinal baille facing said inlet and aplurality of lateral outlets. a gas passage connecting each of saidnozzlesto said heating gas chamber, and a separate passage connectingeach of said nozzles to said desurfacing oxygen chamber through saidlateral outlets. l

14. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising, in combination, aheader'block having a front .face provided with a series of openingsadesuring, in combination, a header having therein a series of openingsfor accommodating desurfacing nozzles, a manifold chamber for a heatinggas mixture, a separate passagevconnecting each of said openings withsaid heating gas chamber. a manifold chamber for desurfacing oxygenhaving longitudinal inlet and outlet portions separated by a narow slot,a separate lateral passage connecting each of said openings with theoutlet portion of said desurfacing oxygen chamber, and separate passagemeans extending lthrough said header for conducting a cooling fluidtherethrough.

12. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising, in combination, aplurality of desurfacing nozzles each having an axial desurfacing oxygenpassage and heating gas passages adjacent thereto, a header' havingtherein a series of nozzle openings in each of which one of said nozzlesis mounted, means for supplying a heating gas, a passage connecting eachof said openings to said heating gas supplying means, and a passage insaid header for conducting desurfacing oxygen to each of said openings,conduit means connested to said header and communicating with thedesurfacing oxygen passagsfo's'pplying def surfacing oxygen thereto, andmanifold means having inlets at its opposite ends for longitudinallydistributing said desurfacing oxygen to said desurfacing oxygen passagesso that it flows at substantially the same pressure in the desurfacingoxygen passage of each of said nozzles,

facing nozzle fitted into each of said openings, the desurfacing nozzlesbeing arranged tov perform a common desurfacing operation, said blockhaving therein a chamber for a heating gas mixture, a chamber fordesurfacin'g oxygen,

a gas passage connecting each of said nozzlesl to said heating gaschamber, and a separate passage connecting each of said nozzles to saiddesurfacing oxygen chamber, said desurfacing oxygen chamber and passagescomprising mani'- fold means for distributing said desurfacing oxygen sothat it flows at substantially the same pressure in each of saidnozzles.

15. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising, in combination, a headerblock having therein a series of openings for accommodating desurfacingnozzles, at least one heating gas mixture chamber, a passage connectingeach of a plurality of said nozzle openings with said chamb er, and'aseparate passage for conducting desurfacing oxygen to each of saidopenings, a blowpipe connected to discharge a mixture of oxidizing gasand fuel gas into said chamber, and means independent of saidblowpipefor supplying desurfacing oxygen to each desurfacin oxygenpassage at' substantially the same iow pressure comprising a manifoldprovided with inlet;l and outlet means for longitudinally distributingoxygen uniformly therein.

16. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising. in combination, a headerblock having la series of openings arranged in line, a plurality ofnozzles fitted into said openings, said block having therein a pluralityof separate chambers for a heating gas mixture, separate gas passagesconnecting each of said openings with a selected one vof said heatinggas chambers, said header having a separate desurfacing oxygen passagecommunicating with each of said nozzles, a blowpipe connected' todischarge into each of said heating gas chambers, and manifold meansassociated with said header block for supplying desurfacing oxygen tothe desurfacing oxygen passages at equalized pressures, whereby saiddesurfacing nozzles are adapted to perform a common desurfacingoperation.

17. Desurfacing blowpipe apparatus comprising, in combination, a headerblock, and a plurality of desurfacing nozzles fitted into a series i ofopenings arranged in line along the front face adapted to discharge aheating gas mixture into each of said chambers.

18. In desurfacing apparatus, a, multiple nozzle header comprising, incombination, a block havingseparate manifold chambers for desurfac- 'aVdesurfacing oxygen passage and a separate heating gas passagecommunicating with the corresponding discharge passages in each nozzle,the longitudinal axes of said desurfacing oxygen passage and heating gaspassage being disposed at an angle to each other within said block.

19. A scarfing torch comprising an elongated block with a plurality oflarge orifices opening through a face of the block for directing oxygeniets against the surface of a metal body to be scarfed, said orificesbeing spaced along the length of the block, and smaller orifices openingthrough said face of the block around each of said oxygen orifices andcommunicating with distributing passages through which fuel gas issupplied to the smaller orifices for preheating flames.

2o. A scarring torch comprising a head having an elongated face with arow of orifices extending lengthwise of the face and from which scarngjets of oxygenare directed against the surface of a metal body, andother orifices opening in said face and from which preheatingfuelgasjilame jets are directed toward the surface i of the metal body,one or more of the .preheating jets being located under each of theoxygen jet orifices, said other orices communicating with distributingpassages in said head through which fuel gas is supplied to said otherorifices for. preheating flames.

2 1. Blowpipe apparatus comprising an elongated head with a plurality oflarge orifices opening in a face of the head for directing oxygen jetsagainst a surface of a metal body to be conditioned, said orifices beingspacedV along' the length of said face of the head, distributingpassages in said ,head for supplying oxygen to said large orifices, andsmaller orifices openingto remove surface metal from contiguousgareas cithe workpiece; distributing passages iii said head through which oxygenis supplied tb said orifices: andasupportingbearingwithasurface in afixed relation to said faccdof the elongated headv and in such angularposition with respect to said face that when said bearing is in surfacecontact with an area of the surface of the workpiece, said orifices arein working relation to said body.

23. Blowpipe apparatus comprising block having a front face; a row ofnozzles fitted to a series of openings transversely in line along saidfront face, said' nozzles being adapted to discharge oxidizing gasstreams and heating y ames againstl a surface of a. metal body, saidblock having therein passages for supplying oxidizing gas to saidnozzles and other passages for supplying fuel gas to said nozzles; andguiding and protecting means secured to said header block .including abearing surface adapted to engage said surface of the body, and a nozzleprotecting portion in front of said front face, said nozzle protectingportion having openings therethrough into which said nozzles project,and said bearing surface being arranged at an acute angle to saidnozzlesand at a predetermined uniform spacing from the discharge ends of saidnozzles.

24. Blowpipe apparatus comprising a header block having a front face; arow of nozzles fitted to a series of openings transversely in linealongsaid front face, said nozzles being adapted to discharge oxidizing gasstreams and heating flames against a surface of a metal body, said blockhaving therein passages for supplying'oxidizing gas to said nozzles andother passages for supplying fuel gas to said nozzles; and guiding andprotecting means secured vto said header` block including a bearingsurface adapted to engage said surface of the body, said bearing surfacebeing arranged at an acute angle to said nozzles and at a predetermineduniform spacing from the discharge ends of said nozzles; and a 'l tedinto a series ,of openings transversely in line in saidA block., saidnozzles having oxidizing gas passages terminating in oblong oxidizinggas dischargeV orifices whose major cross-sectional axes are arrangedsubstantially in alignment so as to produce a substantially continuoussheetlike stream of oxidizing gas, said nozzles also having heating gaspassages therethrough; said A block having therein a plurality ofpassages for conducting a. heating gas to the heating gas passages ofsaid nozzles anda plurality of oxidizing gas passages for conductingoxidizing gas to said oxidizing gas passages of the nozzles; and a shoeon said block for protecting and holding said nozzles in closely spacedalignment, said shoe having a front wall provided with openings intowhich said nozzles extend, and a. surface portion at a'predetermineduniform spacing from the discharge ends of said nomlesffor preventingcontact of'said nozzles with a work surface.

JAMES H. BUCKNAM.

a header

